Clinical Psychology has traditionally emphasized the study of psychopathological and adult processes, while overlooking important issues related to prevention and promotion of healthy ways of life, and the need to initiate them from early stages of life. In the last decades, some changes have given rise to a growing interest in psychological constructs such as optimism, and research on school-aged children has been carried out as well. Surprisingly, no sound empirical research has been carried out on preschoolers. The aim of this paper is to provide a selective review of developmental and clinical theories and data that might be helpful to understand the development of optimism in 0-to-5-year-old children.
El énfasis tradicional de la Psicología Clínica en aspectos psicopatológicos y en el funcionamiento adulto ha descuidado el estudio de otros aspectos importantes para la prevención y promoción de estilos de vida saludables, así como la necesidad de iniciar esas tareas en edades tempranas. En las últimas décadas, determinados cambios han facilitado un creciente interés por constructos psicológicos como el optimismo y se han iniciado estudios con niños en edades escolares no existiendo, sin embargo, ningún acercamiento para niños menores de seis años. El objeto del presente estudio ha sido revisar y dar coherencia a teorías evolutivas y clínicas y extrapolaciones de investigaciones relacionadas con este tema para realizar una primera aproximación a lo que podrían ser las variables más importantes en el origen del optimismo en el niño de cero a cinco años.
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