We study the cognitive structure of a conjoint sample of patients with a diagnosis of dependent (n = 24) and avoidant (n = 21) personality disorders using some measures derived from the Repertory Grid. This technique, based on Personal Construct Theory, aims at a systematic exploration of the ways in which people give meaning to their experience in their own terms. We compare the above clinical sample with a non-clinical sample (volunteers; n = 45), paired by age and sex, and find significant differences suggesting that participants of the former show a lower level of cognitive complexity (differentiation) and a higher tendency towards conflict in terms of contradictory correlations among the constructs provided by them. With respect to self-construction, we find lower self-esteem, higher perceived social isolation, and a tendency to show a pattern of resentment.
En este artículo se estudia la estructura cognitiva de una muestra de participantes diagnosticados de trastornos de personalidad por dependencia (n = 24) y por evitación (n = 21) de forma conjunta me-diante una serie de índices derivados de la Técnica de Rejilla. Esta técnica está fundamentada en la Teoría de Constructos Personales y estudia de forma sistemática la manera en la que la persona construye los significados acerca de sí mismo y los demás. Al comparar estos participantes con una muestra de voluntarios sin diagnóstico (n = 45), apareada en cuanto a edad y sexo, se encuentran diferencias significativas en cuanto a su menor complejidad cognitiva (diferenciación), y una tendencia a presentar más relaciones inconsistentes entre los constructos obtenidos en la rejilla. En cuanto a la construcción de sí mismos, hallamos menor autoestima, un mayor aislamiento social autopercibido, e incluso una cierta tendencia a mostrar un patrón de resentimiento.
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